【Rayclass | 锐课堂】第13期：一种高效的锡焊——振镜锡焊
随着科技发展，电子、数码类产品使用越来越频繁，该领域所涵盖的产品其所包含的元器件都或多或少的涉及到锡焊，大到PCB板主件，小到晶振元件，都离不开需要精密焊接工艺的——锡焊。
With the development of science and technology, electronic and digital products are used increasing frequently. The products covered in this field contain a part of the components involved in tin soldering, from the main part of the PCB board to the crystal components, which are inseparable from the need of precision welding process——tin soldering.
目前在电子行业中，将导线与PCB板采用的锡焊方式主要有两种，分别是HotBar（热压熔锡焊接）和电烙铁焊接，这两种锡焊方式都存在要靠人工操作，过程复杂，良率不高，效率不高等缺点。
At present, in the electronics industry, there are two main types of welding methods for wires and PCB boards, namely HotBar tin soldering and electric iron soldering. Both of these welding methods have the disadvantages of manual operation, complicated process, low yield, and low efficiency.
本期【Rayclass | 锐课堂】
通过对比
振镜脉冲激光焊接
VS
HotBar焊接
来分析激光在锡焊领域的优势
提供一种高效的锡焊解决方案
锡焊是利用低熔点的金属焊料加热熔化后，渗入并充填金属件连接处间隙的焊接方法。传统方法中，HotBar焊接使用的比较常见。
Tin soldering is a welding method in which a low melting point metal solder is used to heat and melt, and penetrates and fills the gap between the metal parts. Basically, HotBar soldering is more common in traditional methods.
HotBar焊接
HotBar也称哈巴焊接，其原理是先把锡膏印刷在电路板（PCB）上，然后利用热，将焊锡熔化并连接导线，这个过程是利用脉冲电流流过钼、钛等具有高电阻特性材料时所产生的电热来加热，再由热压头加热熔融PCB上的锡膏以达到焊接的目的。
The principle of HotBar soldering is to print the solder paste on the PCB, then use heat to melt the soldering tin and connect the wires. This process is heated by the electric current generated when a pulse flows through a material having high resistance characteristics such as molybdenum or titanium, and then the heater tip is used to heat the molten soldering tin on the PCB to achieve the purpose of welding.
01
过程复杂
Complicated Process
HotBar焊接过程复杂：主要步骤有装夹，分线，热压。每半小时需要用铜刷清洁一次焊头，用刷子清扫一次焊接底座。
The main steps of HotBar soldering are clamping, branching, and hot pressing. The welding head need to be clean every half an hour with a copper brush, and the welding base need to be clean with normal brush.
装夹
clamping
分线
branching
热压
hot pressing
02
各种不良现象较高
Various undesirable phenomena
导线与PCB板用HotBar焊接时，经常出现压坏板子、烧点等现象，导致良率降低，常见不良有锡少、错位、短路和锡珠。
When the wire is HotBar soldering to the PCB, the phenomenon of crushing the board and burning points often occurs, resulting in a decrease in yield. Meanwhile, the common defects include solder insufficient, misalignment, short circuit, and Solder Ball.
想要提高焊接效率和良率，我们推荐一种新型锡焊方式，可以利用100W窄脉宽光纤激光器配以振镜焊接头来进行锡焊。
To improve welding efficiency and yield, we recommend a new type of soldering method that uses 100W Short Pulse Fiber Lasers with welding scanner for tin soldering.
振镜脉冲激光锡焊
Laser Tin Soldering with Welding Scanner
01
激光锡焊原理
The Principles of Laser Soldering
作为近年来快速发展的激光锡焊技术，与传统锡焊工艺相比，激光焊接技术更加先进。
Compared with traditional welding technology, laser tin soldering, as a rapidly developing laser technology, is more advanced than before.
激光锡焊是通过光与材料直接作用产生熔化从而焊接，属于“表面放热”，加热速度极快，而HotBar焊接是靠热压头的“热传递”缓慢加热升温。
Laser soldering is performed by direct action of light and material to produce melting, which belongs to surface heat release, and the heating speed is extremely fast, while HotBar soldering is heated slowly by the heat transfer of the thermodes.
02
振镜激光锡焊流程
The Processing of Laser Soldering with Welding Scanner
PCB板和线材预上锡
Melting the tin onto the PCB and wire rod
装夹
clamping
激光照射
Laser irradiation
振镜激光锡焊是激光锡焊的一种主要形式，具有一次性作业的特点，相比于其他几种锡焊方式，可以一次性装夹物料，自动完成焊接，具有广泛的适用性。
Laser soldering with welding scanner is a main form of laser welding with wide applicability. Compared with other soldering methods, it can be used for clamping materials at one time and automatically complete welding.
03
振镜脉冲激光锡焊优势
The Advantages of Laser Soldering with Welding Scanner
相比传统锡焊工艺，振镜脉冲激光锡焊优势十分明显：
Compared with traditional soldering processes, the advantages of laser soldering with welding scanner are obvious.
振镜脉冲激光锡焊 Laser soldering with welding scanner | HotBar焊接 Hotbar soldering |
远程焊接，无接触 降低基板负荷 Remote soldering, no contact, reducing substrate load | 必须接触基板表面 对基板有负荷 Must touch the surface of the substrate and load the substrate |
适应复杂表面 不会出现干涉 Adapt to complex surfaces without interference | 由于有物理接触 对精细点焊接较为困难 Precision welding is difficult due to physical contact |
光斑可达微米级 可适应针尖式焊点 Spot can be up to micron, adaptable to tip solder joints | 只能使用一定大小的焊点 Only use solder joints of a certain size |
对焊点周围热影响小 Small heat impact around the solder joint | 温度上升慢 焊点周围热影响区大 The temperature rises slowly, and the heat affected zone around the solder joint is large |
焊点温度100—600℃ 连续可调 Adjustable continuously solder joint temperature (100-600 °C) | 焊接温度无法稳定控制 Welding temperature cannot be controlled stably |
几乎无需保养 Almost no need to maintenance | 每半小时需要用铜刷清洁一次焊头，用刷子清扫一次焊接底座 Every half hour, clean the welding head with a copper brush and clean the welding base with a normal brush |
良率可达99.9%且效率很高（焊接速度可达100mm/s以上） Yield up to 99.9% and high efficiency (welding speed up to 100mm/s) | 良率较低 Low yield |
解决方案
Solution
例如USB数据线用于电脑与外部设备的连接和通讯，也可用于手机的充电和与外部的连接。通俗的讲就是用于传输数据和充电。这样一根小小的数据线是如何生产出来的呢？手机数据线的屏蔽壳体和USB头都是用不锈钢制成的，其精密焊接位置很小。
For instance, a USB cable is used for connection and communication between a computer and an external device, and can also be used for charging a mobile phone and connecting with an external device. Popularly speaking, it is used to transfer data and charge. How is such a small USB cable produced? The shield shell and the head of the USB cable are made of stainless steel, with a small precision welding position.
锐科激光针对客户需求，采用了一种高效的锡焊焊接方式——振镜焊接。振镜激光焊接具有焊接速度快、精度高、质量稳定、操作方便、维护简单等优点，符合这个产能需求量大的社会环境，特别适用各种零部件的激光精密点焊。
As customer requests, Raycus uses a highly efficient welding method, laser soldering with welding scanner. It has the advantages of fast welding speed, high precision, stable quality, convenient operation and simple maintenance. It meets the social environment with large capacity demand, especially suitable for laser precision spot welding of various parts.
激光器 Model | 100W脉冲 RFL-P100M |
功率 Power(%) | 60% |
焊接速度 Welding Speed(mm/s) | 100mm/s |
脉冲宽度 Pulse Width(ns) | 240ns |
频率 Frequency(kHz) | 100kHz |
焊接效果如下图所示。
The welding effect is shown in the figure below.
此外，振镜脉冲激光锡焊还可以应用到有线材连接器、PCB电路板、光学元器件、声学元器件、半导体制冷元器件及其他电子元器件锡焊。
In addition, Laser Soldering with Welding Scanner can also be applied to wire material connectors, PCB circuit boards, optical components, acoustic components, semiconductor refrigeration components and other electronic components soldering.
采用锐科激光100W窄脉宽脉冲激光器并集成振镜焊接头进行锡焊，在焊接的时候不会破坏到焊接部位里面的电子元器件，焊接深度大，表面宽度小，焊接强度高，速度快，具有无接触焊接、极小的热影响区以及焊点温度可控特点，非常适用于电子行业（适应焊点大小：Φ0.2mm~1.5mm），保证手机数据线耐用性、可靠性、屏蔽效能。
Using Raycus 100W Short Pulse Fiber lasers with welding scanner, it will not damage the electronic components inside the soldering part during soldering. It’s very suitable for the electronics industry (adaptive solder joint size: Φ0.2mm~1.5 Mm) because of the characteristics included large welding depth, small surface width, high welding strength, high speed, non-contact welding, extremely small heat affected zone and controllable solder joint temperature for ensuring the durability, reliability and shielding effectiveness of the mobile phone data cable.
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